![]() **Verbs to introduce the author’s qualifiedĪcknowledged, admitted, granted, conceded Rejected, called into question, disputed, Refuted, denied, contradicted, critiqued, Verbs to introduce views the author disagrees Verbs to introduce what the author focuses Verbs to introduce views the author agrees Observed, discussed, reported, expressed, Verbs to give readers more context for your Quote or Paraphrase ✔ APA in-text citation tip: Page Numbers for Paraphrases (in your own words)įor paraphrases/summaries (not direct quotes), you don’t always need a page number. Reduction (Berkowitz et al., 2003 Derryberry & Reed, 2005, 2007 Rothbart, 2003). O Several studies have identified a positive correlation between meditation and stress Tip: You can also summarize and cite multiple sources within the same sentence: Serotonin in the brain (Yanovski & Yanovski, 2002, p. O Sibutramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters This is fine, too, as long as it’s already clear whose ideas you’re describing: O Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) explained that sibutramine suppresses appetite byīlocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin in the brain (p. Long as it’s clear whose words are whose from the context or previous sentence. È Paraphrases or summaries (in your own words) do not always require a Signal Phrase, as Questions about the implications of the study’s findings for a wider demographic. O Lopez (1993) found that “the effect disappeared within minutes” (p. Improved with a Signal Phrase and clarifying commentary: “TheĮffect disappeared within minutes” (Lopez, 1993, p. O But the results of the experiment did not have long-lasting positive changes. È Avoid “dropping” direct quotations without warning. O Suzuki, Reed, and Sharp (1999) proposed that “.” (p. ![]() You can also include your own thoughts and analysis in the same sentence, after the page #: Remember to include the page number in parentheses right after every direct quote. ✔ APA in-text citation tip: Page Numbers for Direct Quotes a specific verb in the past tense or present perfect tense (see the Verb Charts on reverse).O According to Lahore and Smith (2011), “a similar result. O Roman (2005) reported that “social factors are. È Signal phrases in APA (for Direct Quotes and Paraphrases) always include: Signal phrases mark the boundaries between source material and your own words: ![]() Mescher)ĪUSB WritingĜenter (Last Updatedĕ/ 22 /17)
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